Global Health Lessons: Nutrition’s Role in Crisis Prevention

The Role of Nutrition and Community in Tackling Global Health Crises: Lessons from the Latest Ebola Outbreak

As global citizens, we’re increasingly aware of how interconnected our health and wellbeing are with events unfolding around the world. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) recently declared a new outbreak of Ebola in Kasai Province, caused by the Zaire Ebola virus—the most severe strain. While this may seem distant from Malta’s shores, it’s a reminder of the crucial role health, nutrition, and community play in preventing and managing disease outbreaks. Here’s what we know about the situation and how it relates to a lifestyle focused on health and longevity.

The Origins and Spread of Ebola: Why Nutrition Matters

The outbreak began with a 34-year-old pregnant woman who was admitted to hospital on August 20 and died five days later. Tragically, two health workers who treated her also became infected and lost their lives. By September 15, there were 81 confirmed cases and 28 deaths, including four health workers. Genetic analysis suggests the outbreak resulted from a spillover of the virus from an animal to a human, highlighting the importance of understanding zoonotic diseases.

Ebola virus disease, first identified near the Ebola River in 1976, is thought to be naturally hosted by fruit bats. Humans can contract the virus through contact with infected animals like bats, chimpanzees, antelope, or porcupines. This connection underscores the importance of responsible food sourcing and preparation—a topic that resonates with Malta’s burgeoning interest in sustainable eating. Avoiding bushmeat and ensuring proper handling of animal products are just some of the ways communities can minimize risks of zoonotic diseases.

Symptoms and Prevention: How a Healthy Lifestyle Can Help

Ebola’s symptoms include sudden fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headaches, and sore throat, progressing to vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rash, bleeding, and shock. Without early treatment, the death rate can reach 50–90%, depending on the availability of quality healthcare.

While Ebola spreads through direct contact with blood or body fluids, its rapid transmission within families and healthcare facilities highlights the importance of hygiene and immune resilience. Here in Malta, prioritizing a healthy lifestyle through balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and stress management strengthens our immune systems and reduces vulnerability to illness. Foods rich in vitamins C and D, zinc, and antioxidants—readily available in Malta’s Mediterranean diet—are particularly beneficial in supporting immunity.

Community and Healthcare: Lessons for Malta’s Food and Hospitality Sector

The largest Ebola epidemic on record, from 2013 to 2016, infected over 28,000 people and killed more than 11,000. Delayed detection, weak health systems, and traditional funeral practices contributed to its severity. This serves as a powerful reminder of the role community and healthcare infrastructure play in combating health crises.

While Malta may not face epidemics like Ebola, the principles of prevention and community support are universal. Restaurants and food businesses can take inspiration from this by promoting hygiene, transparency in sourcing ingredients, and offering nutritious options that support health and longevity. Initiatives like educating staff about food safety or introducing menu items that boost immunity can contribute to collective wellbeing.

Vaccination and Early Detection: Progress and Challenges

The DRC is leveraging the Ervebo vaccine (rVSV-ZEBOV) to prevent the spread of this outbreak. In clinical trials, the vaccine showed 100% effectiveness when given immediately after exposure, with real-world effectiveness reaching 84%. “Ring vaccination” of contacts and frontline workers has started, supported by the World Health Organization (WHO).

In Malta, vaccination campaigns for diseases like influenza and COVID-19 have demonstrated the value of early prevention. This principle extends to food safety as well—early detection of contamination through rigorous testing can prevent outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. Restaurants and health-conscious diners alike can benefit from vigilance and proactive measures.

The Role of Nutrition in Recovery and Longevity

Ebola survivors often face long-term health challenges, including viral persistence in immune-protected areas of the body. Early supportive care, such as rehydration, electrolyte replacement, and monoclonal antibody drugs, can save lives. Similarly, those recovering from any illness benefit greatly from nutrient-dense diets rich in fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains—staples of Malta’s culinary scene.

For diners in Malta who prioritize health and longevity, the connection between nutrition and recovery is clear. Restaurants can play a role by crafting menus that prioritize whole, unprocessed ingredients and offering dishes designed to support immune health. Think vibrant salads, hearty soups, and dishes incorporating superfoods like garlic, turmeric, and olive oil.

Global Health and Local Responsibility: Food as a Force for Good

While the latest Ebola outbreak may seem geographically far removed, its lessons resonate universally. In Malta, we have the privilege of thriving in a culture steeped in Mediterranean traditions that prioritize fresh, healthy food and communal dining. This unique lifestyle can serve as a model for resilience—not only in the face of personal health challenges but also in demonstrating solidarity with global health efforts.

As the DRC battles simultaneous outbreaks of mpox, cholera, and measles amidst armed conflict, the importance of robust healthcare systems and community support becomes undeniable. Malta’s food and restaurant industries can contribute by fostering awareness, promoting nutrition, and setting an example of how food can be a force for good in times of crisis.

By staying informed, prioritizing health, and fostering community, we can all play a part in building a healthier, more resilient world—starting at the dining table.